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Hapshash and the Coloured Coat is the name of an influential British graphic design and avant-garde musical partnership between Michael English and Nigel Waymouth, producing psychedelic posters and two albums of underground music.〔Garner, Phillippe (2003) ''Sixties Design'' (p.60) Köln: Taschen GmbH ISBN 978-3-8228-2937-0〕〔Kay, Hilary (1992) ''Rock & Roll Memorabilia'' (p.44) Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall & IBD ISBN 978-0-671-77931-3〕〔Stump, Paul (1997) ''Digital gothic: a critical discography of Tangerine Dream'' (p.33) Wembley: SAF ISBN 978-0-946719-18-1〕 The silkscreen printed posters they created, advertising underground "happenings," clubs and concerts in London, became so popular at the time that they helped launch the commercial sale of posters as art, initially in fashionable stores such as the Indica Bookshop and Carnaby Street boutiques. Their posters remain highly sought after, and the original artwork for a poster advertising Jimi Hendrix's 1967 concert at the Fillmore Auditorium in San Francisco, depicting the guitarist as a psychedelic Native American chief with a hunting bow in one hand and a peace pipe in the other, was sold in 2008 by Bonhams at $72,000. Between October 2000 and January 2001 the Victoria and Albert Museum, which owns the originals of many of their posters in its permanent collection, mounted a retrospective exhibition of their work titled "Cosmic Visions–Psychedelic Posters from the 1960s." Their first album of psychedelic music, produced by a collective in early 1967 and including many famous names, is now seen as being influential on the early works of Amon Düül and other pioneers of German Krautrock, as well as inspiring sections of the Rolling Stones' ''Their Satanic Majesties Request'' album.〔Freeman, Steve; Freeman, Alan (1996). ''Crack in the Cosmic Egg: Encyclopedia of Krautrock, Kosmische Musik and Other Progressive, Experimental and Electronic Musics from Germany'' Audion Publications ISBN 978-0-9529506-0-8〕〔Raggett, Ned "(Featuring the Human Host and the Heavy Metal Kids )" ''allmusic'' Retrieved 2010-10-24〕〔Shirley, Ian (2007) ''Can Rock and Roll Save the World?: An Illustrated History of Music and Comics'' (pp.45–46) Wembley: SAF ISBN 978-0-946719-80-8〕 ==Partnership== Michael English (born Michael Jeremy English, 5 September 1941, Bicester, Oxfordshire–died 25 September 2009) had studied art under Roy Ascott at Ealing Art College in West London between 1963–1966.〔〔McNay, Michael (1 October 2009) "(Michael English obituary: Graphic artist and rock band member whose posters encapsulated the swinging 1960s )" ''The Guardian'' (London) Retrieved 2010-10-24〕〔Helfand, Jessica (2001)''Screen: Essays on Graphic Design, New Media, and Visual Culture'' (p.35) New York: Princeton Architectural Press ISBN 978-1-56898-320-2〕〔English, Michael (2009) "(History )" ''MichaelEnglishArt'' Retrieved 2010-10-24〕 He took part in Ascott's revolutionary ''Groundcourse'', the first year of which focused on changing preconceptions and involved exercises such as students being subjected to continuous pulses of light and darkness in the lecture theatre before being asked to walk over a floor covered with glass marbles. Ascott would later recall that one of the aims was to create disorientation "within an environment that is sometimes unexpectedly confusing, where (artist ) is faced with problems that seem absurd, aimless or terrifying... Pete Townshend sat on a trolley for three weeks, because he wasn't allowed to use his legs and () Eno went around with a bag on his head."〔Pethick, Emily (2 September 2006) "(Degree Zero )" ''frieze'' Retrieved 2010-10-24〕〔Stuart, Keith (8 April 2009) "(Roy Ascott: Interview )" ''frieze'' Retrieved 2010-10-24〕 After graduating, English briefly worked for an ad agency but, having become "captivated by the pop movement," was soon selling his pop art designs – "a potent mix of art nouveau with hard-edge sci-fi applied to disposable items such as union flag sunglasses" – direct to London's trendy boutiques including Gear on Carnaby Street.〔〔〔〔〔"(Michael English: Graphic artist )" (2 October 2009)''The Times'' (London) Retrieved 2010-10-25〕 As a freelance graphic artist he was also producing artwork for counterculture newspaper the ''International Times.''〔Gorman, Paul (14 August 2008) "(Hapshash: Acid, art, music and madness )" ''The Look: Adventures in Rock & Pop Fashion'' Retrieved 2010-10-25〕 Nigel Waymouth had graduated from University College London where he had studied Economic History, and had also studied art at several London colleges.〔Waymouth, Nigel (2010) "(Biography )" ''Nigel Waymouth'' Retrieved 2010-10-25〕 Following a period working as a freelance journalist he opened a boutique at 488 King's Road, Chelsea in partnership with his girlfriend Sheila Cohen and John Pearse, a Savile Row–trained tailor. They acquired the premises in December 1965 and opened as Granny Takes a Trip (GTT) in February 1966, initially selling Edwardian and antique clothes "with an up-to-date feel that appealed to the young hippie denizens of what was becoming known as Swinging London."〔Gorman, Paul (2006) ''The Look: Adventures in Rock & Pop Fashion'' London: Adelita ISBN 978-0-9552017-0-7〕〔"(Freddie Hornik: Obituary )" (27 February 2009) ''Daily Telegraph'' (London) Retrieved 2010-10-25〕 They also sold their own designs – "very decadent, flowery and over the top, but without being totally tasteless" – which were soon in demand with bands such as The Beatles (photographed wearing GTT clothes on the back cover of ''Revolver''), the Rolling Stones (front cover of ''Between the Buttons''), Cream, The Animals and Pink Floyd.〔Adams, Guy Sangster (29 October 2008) "(The Iconic History of Artist and Designer Nigel Waymouth, by way of Granny Takes A Trip, Hapshash & the Coloured Coat, and The Look Presents… )" ''Plectrum–The Cultural Pick'' Retrieved 2010-10-24〕 In December 1966 English and Waymouth were introduced by Joe Boyd and John "Hoppy" Hopkins, co-founders of the UFO Club on Tottenham Court Road, who asked them to collaborate on posters advertising the club, believing that their combined talents "would result in something special."〔 Waymouth said: "They wanted a distinctive style. The idea was to pair us off and see what happened."〔 The pair worked well together, with Waymouth saying "The chemistry between us was brilliant," and English describing how their combined talents "created a very interesting melange of visual delights."〔〔 At first they worked under the name Cosmic Colors but only produced one poster before changing the name to Jacob and the Coloured Coat, producing two more works. In March 1967 they chose the name Hapshash and the Coloured Coat, which suggested both hashish and psychedelic patterning (Joseph's "coat of many colors").〔Rogers, Brad (2007) "(Osiris posters )" ''WhoCollection'' Retrieved 2010-10-25〕〔Hillier, Bevis (1983) ''The Style of The Century, 1900-1980'' (p.206) New York: Dutton Books ISBN 978-0-525-48075-4〕 They set up a small studio on Princedale Road, Holland Park, close to the ''Oz'' offices, and where, according to the magazine's editor Richard Neville, "their sole inspiration was LSD and their regular 'tripping partner' was Pete Townshend."〔〔Boyd, Joe (2006) ''White Bicycles: Making Music in the 1960s'' (p.210) London:Serpent's Tail ISBN 978-1-85242-910-2〕 The posters were then printed and distributed by Osiris Visions, owned by the ''International Times'', in the basement of the Indica Bookshop in Mason's Yard (off Duke Street), St. James's.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hapshash and the Coloured Coat」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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